Are you feeling tired, cold or have gained weight?
Does your digestion seem a bit more “sluggish”?
Are you convinced that your metabolism is slow?
Why does this happen? Why do metabolic rates slow down?
What can slow the metabolism?
Metabolism includes all of the biochemical reactions in your body that use nutrients and oxygen to create energy. And there are lots of factors that affect how quickly, or slowly, it works and that is referred to as the “metabolic rate” and is measured in calories.
But don't worry – I know that metabolic rate is much more complicated than the simple “calories in calories out” model! In fact, it's so complicated that I'm only going to list a few of the common things that can slow it down here.
Examples of common reasons why metabolic rates can slow down:
low thyroid hormone
your history of dieting
your size and body composition
your activity level
lack of sleep
Let’s briefly discuss each of these factors and I promise to give you better advice than just to “eat less and exercise more”.
Low thyroid hormones
Your thyroid is the master controller of your metabolism. When it produces fewer hormones your metabolism slows down. The thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) tell the cells in your body when to use more energy and become more metabolically active. Ideally it should work to keep your metabolism just right. But there are several things that can affect it and throw it off course, like autoimmune diseases and mineral deficiencies, e.g. iodine or selenium, for example.
Tip: Talk with your doctor about having your thyroid hormones tested.
Your history of dieting
When people lose weight their metabolic rate often slows down. This is because the body senses that food may be scarce and adapts by trying to continue with all the necessary life functions and do it all with less food.
While dieting can lead to a reduction in amount of fat it unfortunately can also lead to a reduction in the amount of muscle you have. As you know more muscle means faster resting metabolic rate. Hence why most dieting plan should be accompanied with strength training to prevent reduction in your basal metabolic rate.
Tip: Make sure you're eating enough food to fuel your body without overdoing it.
Your size and body composition
In general, larger people have faster metabolic rates. This is because it takes more energy to fuel a larger body than a smaller one.
However, you already know that gaining weight is rarely the best strategy for increasing your metabolism.
Muscles that actively move and do work need energy. Even muscles at rest burn more calories than fat. This means that the amount of energy your body uses depends partly on the amount of lean muscle mass you have.
Tip: Do some weight training to help increase your muscle mass.
Your activity level
Since strength training helps to build muscles that burn more energy than fat stores and also offset the slowing down of metabolism while losing fat mass, it contributes to an increase in the resting metabolic rate: you burn more energy at rest.
Aerobic exercise temporarily increases your metabolic rate. Your muscles are burning fuel to move and do “work” and you can tell because you're also getting hotter.
Even little things can add up. Walking a bit farther than you usually do, using a standing desk instead of sitting all day, or taking the stairs instead of the elevator can all contribute to more activity in your day.
Tip: Incorporate movement into your day as well as exercise regularly.
Lack of sleep
There is plenty of research that shows the influence that sleep has on your metabolic rate. When your body is deprived of a rejuvenating sleep, you mind will subconsciously make you move less to spare some energy. The general consensus is to get 7-9 hours of sleep every night.
Tip: Try to create a routine that allows to be in bed for 8 hours every night.
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